https://www.britannica.com/technology/sustainable-agriculture#:~:text=Similarly%2C%20crop%20rotation%20can%20help,restore%20soils%20and%20reduce%20erosion

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Sustainable agriculture is a system of farming that strives to provide the resources necessary for present human populations while conserving the planet’s ability to sustain future generations. Also organic farming, regenerative agriculture, permaculture, and agroforestry.

In the wake of World War II, the nature of agriculture both intensified, with more product harvested per unit area and extensified, with farms taking up a larger area. Subsequently, fewer and larger farms were able to meet the food needs of an increasing human population, constituting a dramatic shift from the numerous smaller farms of the past. Despite its efficiency, modern industrial agriculture has a number of drawbacks, including the degradation of ecosystems and the related biodiversity loss, a loss of crop diversity, numerous animal welfare concerns, and human health risks. Sustainable agriculture seeks to address these issues and prioritizes “planetary health,” the idea that the stability of the planet determines human well-being. Its basic tenets include promoting socioeconomic equity, earning profit, and maintaining ecosystem health. Because modern agriculture has played a substantial role in precipitating a mass extinction of plant and animal species on Earth, sustainable agriculture actively endeavours to protect and support biodiversity.

An Introduction

https://www.vedantu.com/biology/harvesting

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Every day, we have a variety of food served in front of us. These foods give us the nutrients and minerals required for our body. But, sometimes, we wonder where it comes from. We think about converting raw materials into nutritious delicacies that we have before us. This is a type of agricultural process where crops are converted to edible parts that are then converted to the food we eat. This is called harvesting.

Harvesting is the process of taking out useful parts of plants. This is done when plants have reached a certain stage where they have nutritious and edible parts.

Types of Harvesting

Harvesting is done through various types of strategies. One may think of cutting, stacking, gathering, laying, etc. some of the main types of harvesting include:

1. Hand harvesting

2. Harvesting with hand tools

3. Harvesting with machinery.

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Twenty years ago, the first GMO seeds hit the market. In the decades that followed – as more GMO varieties were adopted and the seed sector rapidly consolidated – ethical, political, legal, environmental, economic, and social concerns for the technology have emerged. While many farmers say they are pleased with GMO varieties, many others are disappointed, finding mixed results or facing new problems in the extremely concentrated and corporate-dominated seed sector. These problematic trends affect all farmers, whether or not they plant GMO seeds.

That was because of the water that comes from the ground in the form of springs or above it in the form of rainfall and eventually flows through the soil. With it, a novel mode of survival was born. Art, philosophy, science, and sports, everything is indebted to humanity’s decision of cultivating the land and growing food out of it. Since the remote ages, irrigation has been an important source of human civilization.

The early civilizations used rivers for their needs, which were later replaced with artificial canals. The ancient Romans even built the first canal system in the world. Contemporary irrigation systems are semi- to fully automated, thanks to IoT-based systems.

Today, the global population stands at 7.68 billion and is expected to swell further in the coming decades. The population explosion coupled with the increased demand for food has led to a huge rise in the demand for freshwater as well. This demand has also resulted in the depletion of groundwater resources in many parts of the world. In order to meet this need, many new technologies are being developed to grow more crops with fewer water resources in hand.

Some of these technologies include desalination plants and water pumping systems. However, these have their own problems, such as the high cost and environmental impact. With groundwater vanishing out of proportion and surface water lowering to extents that are now causing droughts and flash floods worldwide, cutting-edge irrigation technologies are the only way out of the impending scenario of water and food shortages worldwide.